Tuesday, February 15, 2011

Tao te Ching: 59

To rule people and to serve Heaven there is nothing better than to be frugal.
Only by being frugal can one recover quickly.
To recover quickly means to accumulate virtue heavily.
By the heavy accumulation of virtue one can overcome everything.
If one can overcome everything, then he will acquire a capacity the limit of which is beyond anyone's knowledge.
When his capacity is beyond anyone's knowledge, he is fit to rule the state.
He who possesses the Mother of the state will last long.
This means that the roots are deep and the stalks are firm,
Which is the way of long life and everlasting existence. 
I'm onboard with this for the first few sentences, but I wind up taking a left turn where Lao Tzu says that to recover quickly is to accumulate virtue heavily. I've spent time pondering this, because I really like the first two lines. Frugality allows flexibility because you have more resources to work with. It's easiest to think of it in terms of money, but it holds true for other things. If you're not emotionally invested and drawn you have depths to draw from when something awful happens, such as losing a job or a loved one. Frugality lessens the number of straws on the camel's back.

So what could be the accumulation of heavy virtue? Perhaps it means that the recovery allows one to stay in an advantageous position. That seems a bit too cunning an answer. So let's look at it from the other direction. Overcoming everything due to the accumulation of virtue. This is enlightening. To overcome everything is to be like water, which overcomes mountains in time and dwells in the low places. So what is virtue here? I think virtue, here, means opportunity. Frugality allows one to recover quickly. Recovering quickly allows opportunities. Opportunity allows one to overcome everything. Once one is like water, one can hold everything like the sea. Chapters 28 and 43 also explore this.

Note the final two lines echoing Chapter 22 and the metaphor of the reed coming back once more. With deep roots and firm, but not unyielding, one perseveres. One can overcome anything.

2 comments:

  1. What does "He who possesses the Mother of the state will last long" mean?

    ReplyDelete
  2. Ah, the Mother again refers to the Tao (the mother of all things). So he who possesses the mother of the state, or he who possesses Tao, will last long.

    Chapter 52:
    There was a beginning of the universe
    Which may be called the Mother of the Universe.
    He who has found the mother (Tao)
    And thereby understands her sons (things)
    And having understood the sons,
    Still keeps to its mother,
    Will be free from danger throughout his lifetime.

    ReplyDelete